Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine

Eun Kyung Kim

22 Articles

The Expression Pattern of Annexin A1 in Urinary Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Clinicopathologic Significance.: Hojung Lee, Seung Kyu Choi, Young Ok Hong, Won Mi Lee, Sook Kyung Ko, Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Pathol. 2011;45(1):62-68.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2011.45.1.62

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Annexin A1 (ANXA1) is known to be involved in the progression and differentiation of various tumors. However, its significance and role in bladder carcinogenesis has not been fully elucidated. To determine the role ANXA1 plays in urothelial carcinoma (UC), we investigated the expression of ANXA1 protein in normal urothelial tissue, carcinoma in situ (CIS), and UC of the urinary bladder.
METHODS
Protein expression level of ANXA1 and its subcellular localization were analyzed in 88 cases of UCs and corresponding 24 normal tissues and 24 CISs by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
ANXA1 was significantly down-regulated at all subcellular localization in CIS and in the cytoplasm and membrane of cells of UC, compared to normal tissues. No significant correlation between ANXA1 expression level and tumor depth (pT), growth pattern, and recurrence was found. However, cytoplasmic and membranous ANXA1 were significantly up-regulated in high grade than in low grade UC (p=0.02 in cytoplasm and p=0.03 in membrane).
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that ANXA1 dysregulation is involved in urothelial carcinogenesis and ANXA1 is potentially a marker for the pathologic differentiation of UC.

Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Male Urethra.: Seung Wook Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Won Mi Lee, Jung Man Jo, Tag Keun Yoo, Jeong Yoon Kang; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(6):662-665.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.6.662

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Abstract PDF: Primary malignant melanoma occurring within the male urethra is very rare. Here we report a case of malignant melanoma of the urethra in a 74-year-old man. He presented with asymptomatic gross hematuria for 5 months. His glans penis and adjacent penile skin had become discolored black 10 years ago. Cystourethroscopy showed a smooth oval-shaped elevated mass in the fossa navicularis. There were no abnormal findings in the proximal urethra and urinary bladder. Computed tomography did not detect any inguinal lymph node enlargement or distant metastases. The patient underwent partial penectomy and ilioinguinal lymph node dissection. Grossly, the distal urethra revealed an ovoid pigmented nodule, that measured 1 x 0.5 cm. Microscopic findings showed a nodular malignant melanoma arising in the urethral mucosa with pagetoid spread to the epidermis of the glans penis. There were no recurrences over a period of 12 months after surgery without chemotherapy. This is the second case of a primary malignant melanoma of the male urethra in Korea.

Enterobius vermicularis Ova in a Vaginal Smear.: Seung Kyu Choi, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Ok Hong, Ho Jung Lee, Won Mi Lee, Sook Kyung Ko, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Pathol. 2010;44(3):341-342.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4132/KoreanJPathol.2010.44.3.341

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4 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common parasites found in the intestine of humans. The gravid female worms migrate outside the anus to release eggs on the perianal skin. Rarely, they migrate to the genitourinary tract in female patients. We present a case in which pinworm eggs were found in a cervicovaginal smear of a 37-year-old woman. The eggs were elongated oval shaped and flattened on one side. The thick, double contoured birefringent shell stained bright yellow or orange. Some coarsely granular embryos or curved larvae were enclosed in the refractile shell. Empty eggs or wrinkled shells with clumped granular material were also present. Although pinworm eggs are easily identified because of their characteristic morphologic appearance, careful screening is needed due to the frequent masking by inflammatory cells.

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Vaginal Enterobius vermicularis diagnosed on liquid‐based cytology during Papanicolaou test cervical cancer screening: A report of two cases and a review of the literature
Chun‐Yi Tsai, Rachel Junod, Martine Jacot‐Guillarmod, Charles Beniere, Sonia Ziadi, Massimo Bongiovanni
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Significance of c-kit and COX-2 Expression in Breast Tissue.: Eun Kyung Kim, Won Mi Lee, Jong Eun Joo, Sook Kyung Ko; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(3):157-161.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The proto-oncogene c-kit encodes a transmembrane tyrosine kinase growth factor receptor. Studies have shown that c-kit is highly expressed in normal breast epithelium, but expression is decreased in primary breast cancer. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an inducible enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandins. Expression of COX-2 has been reported in malignant tumors including breast cancer. We evaluated the expression of c-kit and COX-2 in benign and malignant lesions of the breast to assess the roles of these proteins in cancer initiation and progression.
METHODS
We characterized 20 benign lesions, 20 intraductal carcinomas and 70 invasive breast carcinomas. Immunohistochemical staining for c-kit and COX-2 was performed.
RESULTS
Expression of c-kit was detected in 75% of the benign breast lesions, 40% of the intraductal carcinomas and 10% of the invasive carcinomas. COX-2 expression was observed in 80% of the benign lesions, 70% of the intraductal carcinomas and 52% of the invasive carcinomas. Expression of c-kit was significantly correlated with tumor size (p=0.02). COX-2 expression was significantly correlated with negative expression of estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (p=0.02, p=0.04), Her-2/neu expression (p=0.008) and the high proliferation index (p=0.0002).
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that c-kit and COX-2 might be involved in malignant transformation of the mammary epithelium and tumor progression. It is suggested that c-kit and COX-2 can be used as predictive markers and therapeutic targets.

A Multiinstitutional Consensus Study on the Pathologic Diagnosis of Endometrial Hyperplasia and Carcinoma.: Kwang Sun Suh, Insun Kim, Moon Hyang Park, Geung Hwan Ahn, Jin Hee Sohn, In Ae Park, Hye Kyoung Yoon, Kyu Rae Kim, Hee Jung An, Dong Won Kim, Mi Jin Kim, Hee Jae Joo, Eun Kyung Kim, Young Hee Choi, Chong Woo Yoo, Kyung Un Choi, Sang Yeop Yi, Hye Sun Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Hee Jeong Lee, Sun Lee; Korean J Pathol. 2008;42(2):87-93.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to examine the reproducibility of both the diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia (EH) or adenocarcinoma, and the histologic grading (HG) of endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EC).
METHODS
Ninety-three cases of EH or adenocarcinomas were reviewed independently by 21 pathologists of the Gynecologic Pathology Study Group. A consensus diagnosis was defined as agreement among more than two thirds of the 21 pathologists.
RESULTS
There was no agreement on the diagnosis in 13 cases (14.0%). According to the consensus review, six of the 11 EH cases (54.5%) were diagnosed as EH, 48 of the 57 EC cases (84.2%) were EC, and 5 of the 6 serous carcinomas (SC) (83.3%) were SC. There was no consensus for the 6 atypical EH (AEH) cases. On the HG of EC, there was no agreement in 2 cases (3.5%). According to the consensus review, 30 of the 33 G1 cases (90.9%) were G1, 11 of the 18 G2 cases (61.1%) were G2, and 4 of the 4 G3 cases (100.0%) were G3.
CONCLUSIONS
The consensus study showed high agreement for both EC and SC, but there was no consensus for AEH. The reproducibility for the HG of G2 was poor. We suggest that simplification of the classification of EH and a two-tiered grading system for EC will be necessary.

Expression of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 in Human Breast Cancers.: Dong Hoon Kim, Chan Kum Park, Ho Jung Lee, Won Mi Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(6):391-400.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Cell cycle progression is governed by cell cycle regulators and inhibitors such as the cyclin dependent kinases (CDK), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53. The purpose of this study was to correlate expressions of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 with the various clinicopathologic prognostic parameters of human breast cancers.
METHODS
The paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 102 patients with human breast carcinomas were examined by performing immunohistochemical staining. The primary antibodies used for immunohistochemical staining were mouse monoclonal antibody to human p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1), p53, ER and PR.
RESULTS
The expression rates of p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were 29.3%, 40.2% and 49.1% in breast carcinomas, respectively. In normal breast tissues, p34(cdc2), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53 were not expressed. The p34(cdc2) was expressed in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. The expression rate of p27(Kip1) was 29.3% in breast carcinomas and 100% in normal breast tissues, so the loss of p27(Kip1) expression in breast cancer was noted. The high expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) in neoplastic cells was associated with the p53 expression (p=0.03). The expression of p27(Kip1) was correlated with that of the progesterone receptor (PR) (p=0.04) and the expression of p21(WAF1/Cip1) was correlated with that of positivity for estrogen receptor (ER) (p=0.04) and PR (p=0.04). No correlation was demonstrated between the mean patient survival and the expression rate of p34(cdc2), p27(Kip1), p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p53.
CONCLUSIONS
The loss of the normal cell growth cycle by the abnormal expression of cyclin dependent kinases and their inhibitors and the steroid hormones may play an important role in human breast carcinogenesis. The p53 dependent p21(WAF1/Cip1) pathway, the p27(Kip1) protein loss and the cdc2 overexpression were important in development and progression of human breast cancer.

E-cadherin Expression Loss in T1 Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast as a Predictive Marker for Lymph Node Metastasis.: Eun Kyung Kim, Aysegul Sahin; Korean J Pathol. 2005;39(3):187-191.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
E-cadherin is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which has been shown to mediate calcium-dependent epithelial cell adhesion. A loss of E-cadherin expression has been associated with the tumor invasion and metastatic potential in some human cancers. The objective of this study was to evaluate E-cadherin expression in T1 breast ductal carcinomas in order to determine whether the loss of E-cadherin expression is correlated with lymph node metastasis.
METHODS
One hundred seventy nine patients with breast invasive ductal carcinoma, measuring less than 2 cm, were enrolled in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups on the basis of the status of the ipsilateral axillary lymph node, T1N1 (lymph node positive, n=91) or T1N0 (lymph node negative, n=88). None of the patients in this study had undergone preoperative chemotherapy. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections of the primary breast cancers were stained by immunohistochemistry, using a mouse monoclonal antibody against E-cadherin. E-cadherin expression was designated as either positive (complete membranous staining) or negative (absent or incomplete membranous staining).
RESULTS
Benign breast parenchyma adjacent to invasive carcinoma was positive for E-cadherin. The loss of E-cadherin expression in the tumor was observed in 42% of patients of the T1N1 group, and in 24% of the T1N0 group. There was a significant correlation between the loss of E-cadherin expression and lymph node metastasis in the examined breast invasive ductal carcinomas (p=0.011).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that E-cadherin is an important molecule with regard to both tumor cell adhesion and metastasis, and its absence may constitue an early event in metastatic development. Therefore, E-cadherin may be a useful predictive marker for nodal metastasis in patients suffering from invasive ductal carcinoma.

Submandibular Soft Tissue Actinomycosis Diagnosed by Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology: A Case Report.: Ho Jung Lee, Dong Hoon Kim, Won Mi Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Cytopathol. 2005;16(1):57-60.

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Abstract PDF: A patient with actinomyces infection of the submandibular soft tissue was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A 38-year-old woman presented with a right submandibular mass which slowly grew in size over one month. Clinically and radiologically, the lesion was considered as tuberculous lymphadenitis or cellulitis. The polymerase chain reaction for tuberculosis was done by aspirated specimen but the result was negative. The smears of aspiration cytology showed characteristic colonies(sulfur granules) of actinomyces in inflammatory background. After antibiotic therapy for eight months, the patient has been well, showing no detectable mass. This patient was simply and rapidly diagnosed by FNAC and can avoid unnecessary surgical biopsy.

Localized Amyloidosis of the Ureter: A Report of Two Cases.: Ho Jung Lee, Dong Eun Song, Jong Eun Joo, Won Mi Lee, Dong Hoon Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Jae Y Ro; Korean J Pathol. 2004;38(3):184-187.

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Abstract PDF: We report on two cases of localized amyloidosis involving the ureter. The patients were a 64-year-old woman with right upper quadrant pain (case 1) and a 36-year-old woman suffering from left flank pain and intermittent gross hematuria (case 2). An intravenous pyelography of case 1 revealed multiple filling defects in the entire right ureter, whereas retrograde pyelography in case 2 showed diffuse narrowing in the mid and lower portions of the left ureter. Localized amyloidosis of the ureter was diagnosed in the two cases, and both had amyloid deposit in the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder in case 1, and in the contralateral ureter and the renal pelvis in case 2. Right nephroureterectomy was performed in case 1, but a segmental resection of the ureter with preservation of the kidney was administered in case 2. These two cases demonstrate that ureteral amyloidosis can be associated with amyloid deposition in the renal pelvis and the urinary bladder. Although ureteral amyloidosis is a rare occurrence, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ureteral obstruction to avoid unnecessary radical surgery.

Macrofollicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma with Extensive Hemorrhage.: Haeryoung Kim, SoonWon Hong, Kwang Gil Lee, Eun Kyung Kim, Cheong Soo Park, Woung Youn Chung, Woo Ick Yang; Korean J Cytopathol. 2004;15(1):60-64.

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The macrofollicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (MVPC) is characterized by macrofollicles occupying more than half of the tumor and demonstrating nuclear features of classic papillary carcinoma. It is difficult to recognize on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology due to the paucity of aspirated neoplastic cell clusters, especially when the tumor is associated with extensive areas of hemorrhage.
CASE
A 34-year-old female presented with a well-demarcated nodule in the thyroid gland, diagnosed as a benign nodule on ultrasonography and computed tomography. FNA cytology smear revealed a few small aggregates of follicular cells with morphological features suspicious for papillary carcinoma, set in a background of hemorrhage, inflammatory cells, and hemosiderin-laden macrophages. Intraoperative frozen section revealed macrofollicular nests filled with hemorrhage and composed of follicular cells demonstrating nuclear clearing and grooves.
CONCLUSION
MVPC is a rare but distinctive variant of papillary carcinoma, which is easily mistaken for adenomatous goiter or benign macrofollicular neoplasm on radiologic findings. The cytopathologist should alert oneself on encountering benign radiologic findings and any smear composed of scant numbers of follicular cells with nuclear features suspicious for papillary carcinoma despite the bland-looking background of hemorrhage and hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and recommend intraoperative frozen sections for a definite diagnosis.

Idiopathic Hypertrophic Spinal Pachymeningitis: A Case Report.: Eun Kyung Kim, Wan Seop Kim, Jong Eun Joo, Won Mi Lee, Byng Kwan Moon, Hyun Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 2002;36(4):278-280.

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Abstract PDF: We report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis in a 56-year-old woman who complained of a tingling sensation and progressive weakenss of both legs since 6 months prior, and then was unable to walk for 1 week. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a low signal intensity of dural and epidural mass in the T7-T11. The mass was concentrically compressing the spinal cord and extending to the paraspinal area through the intervertebral foramina. Total laminectomy from T7 to T12 and mass removal were done. The mass was composed of markedly thickened dura mater. Microscopic examination showed fibrous thickening with hyalinization and infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells, mainly lymphocytes. Idiopathic hypertrophic spinal pachymeningitis is a rare disease causing progressive paraparesis that can resemble other disorders associated with spinal compression.

Two Cases of Invasive Carcinoma of the Breast Composed Mostly of Signet Ring Cells in the Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology.: Won Mi Lee, Wan Sup Kim, Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Cytopathol. 2002;13(2):88-92.

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Abstract PDF: Scattered single cells or variable sized clusters of signet ring cells in the aspirated smears of breast lesions are almost exclusively associated with carcinoma. The signet ring cells are defined as those containing a prominent intracytoplasmic vacuole or amorphous cytoplasm diffusely dispersed with mucin. The primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the breast behaves more aggressively than carcinoma without signet ring cells. Therefore, it is very important to make a correct diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma. Fine needle aspiration cytology is useful for diagnosis of breast lesions including signet ring cell carcinoma. We report two cases, which showed mostly signet ring cells in the aspirated smears of the breast. One case consisted of numerous individual signet ring cells and variable sized cell clusters in rather mucoid background. The tumor cells had abundant amorphous cytoplasm filled with dispersed mucin or occasionally mucin vacuoles(PAS +) and eccentric nuclei. The resected mass revealed mucinous carcinoma. The other showed the cytologic findings of low cellularity, and small loosely cohesive signet ring cell clusters with mild nuclear pleomorphism. It was confirmed as lobular signet ring cell carcinoma in the resected tumor.

Alteration of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene in Hyperplastic Lesions and Adenocarcinomas of Uterine Endometrium - Immunohistochemistry and PCR-SSCP.: Eun Kyung Kim, Chan Kum Park, Gu Kong, Moon Hyang Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1997;31(7):662-671.

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Abstract PDF: To investigate the role of the p53 gene in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma and to study the relation between alteration of the p53 gene and histologic grade, the author studied the alteration of thep53 gene in hyperplastic lesions and adenocarcinomas of the uterine endometrium. The study was carried out with immunohistochemical stain and PCR-SSCP. The materials included ten cases of endometrial hyperplasia (five simple and five atypical complex) and 18 cases of endometrial adenocarcinoma. Overexpression of the p53 protein were found in one of five atypical complex hyperplasias (20%) and 11 of 18 adenocarcinomas (61.1%). The intensity of p53 overexpression appeared to have increasing tendency with higher histologic grade of adenocarcinomas. Among the II cases of adenocarcinoma that overexpressed p53 protien, five cases (45.5%) were found to have mutations by PCR-SSCP. One was grade 1 (20%), two were grade 11 (25%), and two were grade III (40%). The sites of mutation were three exon 8, one exon 5, and one exon 6. In conclusion, alteration of the p53 gene may paly a role in the development of endometrial adenocarcinoma and appears to occur as a late event in carcinogenesis.HHowever, inactivation of the p53 gene in early stage of tumor development cannot be excluded.

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology of Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis in the Lymph Node.: Eun Kyung Kim, Jong Eun Joo; Korean J Cytopathol. 1997;8(2):170-173.

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Abstract PDF: Langerhans' cell histiocytosis is a relatively rare disorder of children, characterized by abnormal proliferation of Langerhans' cells. It usually presents as multiple osteolytic lesion with lymphadenopathy or cutaneous manifestations. We experienced a case of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis involving bone and lymph node, diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology of the lymph node. The patient was a 10-year old girl with left inguinal lymphadenopathy. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the lymph node disclosed very cellular smear consisted of Langerhans' cells, eosinophils and lymphocytes. The Langerhans' cells had eccentric oval to reniform shape nuclei with grooving and abundant pale cytoplasm. The diagnosis was confirmed later by histologic study of bone lesion.

Clinical and Histopathologic Study of Eosinophilic Cellulitis.: Eun Kyung Kim, Chan Keum Park, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1995;29(3):334-342.

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Abstract PDF: Eosinophilic cellulitis is a rare dermatosis originally described by Wells as "recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia", then called Wells' syndrome. The etiology is unknown, although a hypersensitivity mechanism is suspected. Flame figures are considered as a characteristic histologic feature of Wells' syndrome. To clarify the nature of eosinophilic cellulitis and its flame figures, the authors have reviewed five cases of eosinophilic cellulitis with its clinical and histopathologic findings. Cutaneous lesions were variable in appearance and was confused with angioedema, urticarial vasculitis, erydiema multiforme, morphea or granuloma annulare. Microscopically, early lesions (2-7 days) showed diffuse dermal eosinophilic infiltration with widespread degranulation, sometimes extended into the underlying muscle. Subepidermal bulla was present in one case. Subsequently, granulomatous features with characteristic "flame figures" became apparent (several months). Collagen alteration by eosinophilic granules resulted in flame figure formation and a granulomatous response. In two patients, there were possible relationships between drug and flare-ups of eosinophilic cellulitis, but the others, no contributory precipitating factors were found. We think that eosinophilic cellulitis represents a severe anaphylactic hypersensitivity reaction to various stimuli showing characteristic histopathology with recurrent episodes and frequent hypereosinophilia in the peripheral blood.

A Study of Umbilical Cord Length According to the Gestational Age.: Eun Kyung Kim, Je Geun Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1994;28(5):511-513.

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Abstract PDF: The umbilical cord length may be a reliable indicator of fetal activity during gestation because it grows in response to tensile forces related to fetal movement. But there has been little attention to normal range of the umbilical cord length. We analyzed the umbilical cord length of 2342 cases de1ivered in Seoul National University Hospital to determine mean values according to the gestational age. The umbilical cord length increased linearly from 15.5cm of 13 week to 50.6 cm of 44 week. After 42 week, the growth was nearly stopped. There was no difference by fetal sex. The length of umbilical cord was variable even within same gestational age.

Cytologic Analysis of Microinvasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix.: Eun Kyung Kim, Yee Jeong Kim, Jong Sook Park, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Cytopathol. 1994;5(2):99-105.

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Abstract PDF: We studied cervical cytology of 175 cases of histologically confirmed microinvasive squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix in Cheil General Hospital from 1991 to 1993. Excluding 32 cases of insufficient smear, 143 cases were reviewed in view of background, cellularity, smear pattern, nuclear chromatin and presence of nucleoli. The characteristic findings of microinvasive carcinoma were syncytia and/or individual tumor cells in the focally necrotic inflammatory background. Nuclear chromatin was clear or fine. Nucleoli were observed in 55%. The prediction rate of microinvasive carcinoma was 74%. There is no significant relationship between the cellular features and depth of invasion.

Laryngeal Atresia with Tracheoesophageal Fistula: 1 case report.: Eun Kyung Kim, Je G Chi; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(5):504-508.

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Abstract PDF: Laryngeal atresia is a very rare congenital anomaly requiring immediate tracheotomy. We present a case of laryngeal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula who showed immediate respiratory difficulty after ligation of umbilical cord and died of aspiration pneumonia at 8 days of age. The atretic portion of larynx is composed of irregulary arranged cartilaginous tissue, bundles of intrinsic muscle and soft tissue without epithelium-lined lumen. The lungs show normal development and evidences of aspiration pneumonia.

Primary Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Ovary: A case report.: Eun Kyung Kim, Sung Ran Hong, Jae Uk Shim, Hy Sook Kim; Korean J Pathol. 1993;27(1):78-80.

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Abstract PDF: Primary ovarian transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) is a recently described, distinct subtype of ovarian carcinoma resembling TCC of the urinary bladder. TCC differs from malignant Brenner tumor(MBT) by absence of benign or proliferative Brenner component and prominent stromal calcification. TCC also represents a high-stage tumor with more aggressive biologic behavior than MBT, but it has a relatively favorable response to chemotherapy. TCC may arise from the pluripotential surface epithelium of the ovary or from the cells with urothelial differentiation, rather than from a benign or proliferative Brenner tumor precursors. We report a case of pure form of primary TCC presenting as a left ovarian mass in 45-year-old woman.

Retroperitoneal Mucinous Tumor: Report of two Cases.: Eun Kyung Kim, Seong Ran Hong, Hy Sook Kim, Young Hyeh Ko, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(6):632-634.

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Abstract PDF: Primary retroperitoneal mucinous tumor is very rare. In the worldwide literature, only 14 cases have been reported. Herein, we report two cases of retroperitoneal mucinous tumor found at laparotomy. The patients were females, aged 24 and 21 years, respectively. They had bilateral normal ovaries. Histologically, one was mucinous cystadenoma and the other showed borderline histology. The connective tissue wall resembling ovarian stroma was noted in one case. The pathogenesis was discussed.

Gastric Choriocarcinoma and Endodermal Sinus Tumor in Collision Tumor.: Eun Kyung Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Kwang Soo Lee, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Pathol. 1992;26(4):405-410.

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Abstract PDF: Both primary choriocarcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor of the stomach are very rare entities. Combination of these two tumors is even rarer, and only a single such case has been reported in English literature. The case had gastric adenocarcinoma in addition to these tumors. We experienced a case of combined, pure choriocarcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor in the stomach of a 74 year-old man. He had no gonadal or any other primary tumor. Huge exophytic tumor was located in the lesser curvature of the body. Two components of the tumor was separated and clearly defined. Human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG) was demonstrated in serum and in tissue sections. Alpha-fetoprotein(alpha-FP) was also demonstrated in serum and in tissue sections. Alpha-fetoprotein(alpha-FP) was also elevated in the serum. Possible tumor origin was speculated.

Cytologic features of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix.: Gu Kong, Eun Kyung Kim, Eun Kyung Hong, Jung Dal Lee; Korean J Cytopathol. 1991;2(1):62-66.

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Abstract: Glassy cell carcinoma is an unusual neoplasm of the uterine cervix with highly aggressive clinical behavior. On cervico-vaginal smear examination, the tumor has well confused of atypical repair cell of the endocervix. Recently, we have experienced two cases of glassy cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, diagnosed on cervico-vaginal smears and confirmed on following histologic sections. The cervico-vaginal smears revealed abundant clusters with well defined boarders. The cell clusters were composed of large tumor cells. The tumor cells had distinct granular cytoplasm and eosinophilic macronucleoli. Characteristic cytologic features of this tumor were discussed in view of differential diagnosis.

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